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The Bond/Dominance in a Close Up
Štefková, Zuzana ; Orlová, Jana (referee) ; Helia De Felice, Jennifer (advisor)
- Exploration word of Dominance - development through diary entries - Dominance X partner's tolerance, partnership ceremonies - Creating your own task performance - Research on me - exploring new relationship planes - Work in public space, contact with passer-by, which is not conditional art and this fact that they can see it in their own way, (Shop window is clasic X taboo topic)
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Visual attention to faces in intersexual and intrasexual selection
Pátková, Žaneta ; Třebická Fialová, Jitka (advisor) ; Lukavský, Jiří (referee) ; Stirratt, Michael (referee)
This thesis focuses on visual attention towards faces in intersexual and intrasexual selection. It consists of two main parts. The first part begins with a brief overview of the intersexual and intrasexual selection mechanisms. Within the framework of intersexual selection, facial attractiveness is discussed, with its putative link to health and immune system function. Within the framework of intrasexual selection, the thesis focuses on perceived facial dominance and formidability and their connection to actual characteristics. Moreover, specific facial traits and morphological features connected with judgements of attractiveness, dominance, and formidability are described. Given the scarce evidence of direct visual attention towards facial features connected with judgements of facial attractiveness and dominance or formidability, we discuss the eye-tracking method, which can measure direct visual attention. A brief summary of eye-tracking studies focusing on visual attention to faces, especially during attractiveness and dominance assessments, is provided. Finally, the thesis focuses on how individual sensory modalities (visual, olfactory and vocal) relate to each other in the perception of individuals and the detection of cues to an individual's quality. The second part of this thesis includes...
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Burrowing behaviour in crayfish
GUO, Wei
This PhD thesis is devoted to exploring the unresolved ecological gaps in freshwater crayfish burrowing behaviour from three parts, which are: a) the extreme weather conditions like drought; b) aquatic contamination; c) interspecific interactions. The first chapter of the thesis deals with the introduction of the basic information and background related to the burrowing behaviour of freshwater crayfish. The unresolved ecological gaps related to freshwater crayfish burrowing behaviour are: a) the potential effects of drought on crayfish reproduction; b) effects of aquatic contamination on the freshwater crayfish burrowing behaviour; c) crayfish competition for shelter as a primary resource. The second chapter explores whether embryogenesis or postembryonic development of freshwater crayfish can occur without free standing water inside the burrow. To address this question, three experiments were conducted using artificial burrows with high air humidity and using marbled crayfish (Procambarus virginalis Lyko, 2017) as a model species. We found that the ability of marbled crayfish to undergo terminal phases of embryogenesis, including hatching, as well as early postembryonic development under high air humidity conditions only. Postembryonic development was suspended in the absence of free water, and successfully resumed when re-immersed. This similar ability to tolerate drought-like conditions during postembryonic development may also occur in other crayfish species, especially primary burrowers. The third and fourth chapters covers the effects of water contamination on crayfish (red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii as model species) burrowing behaviour. We tested the hypothesis that burrowing behaviour of the red swamp crayfish would be altered with exposure to PhACs and herbicides at concentrations frequently detected in aquatic environments. As representative PhACs, we chose methamphetamine (METH) and tramadol (TRA) (1 ?g/L) (Chapters 3), and, as herbicides, terbuthylazine (TERB) and metazachlor (META) (2 ?g/L) (Chapters 4). We reported for the first time that depth and volume of burrows constructed by methamphetamine-exposed females was significantly lower than of unexposed controls. Tramadol-exposed females consistently exhibited a tendency to excavate smaller burrows compared with controls, although this was not significant (Chapter 3). Impact of herbicides on burrowing behaviour was less clearly manifested, although male crayfish exposed to META constructed a significantly higher number of burrows than did other groups (Chapter 4). The fifth and sixth chapters describe aggression of marbled crayfish during interspecific interactions under laboratory conditions was quantified by characterizing their direct agonistic interactions and competition for shelter with calico crayfish Faxonius immunis and spiny-cheek crayfish Faxonius limosus. Differences in aggression may predict interactions and outcomes under natural conditions. We found marbled crayfish to dominate size-matched calico crayfish (Chapter 5) and spiny-cheek crayfish (Chapter 6) in agonistic encounters. The higher activity and aggressiveness of marbled crayfish could facilitate displacement of other non-indigenous crayfish species either by direct interaction or through competition for resources such as shelter and food. The seventh chapter of the thesis presents the general discussion and summary obtained by the five chapters mentioned above. These data represent basic scientific information valuable for practical application. The outcomes of interactions among crayfish under laboratory conditions can be critical to evaluating over-invaded communities and ecosystems harbouring invasive species that share similar life histories, niche preference, and adaptation strategies.
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Abuse of dominance on the internet
Netrval, Daniel ; Navrátil, Petr (advisor) ; Svobodová, Magdaléna (referee)
1 Abuse of dominance on the internet Abstract The topic of the thesis is the traditional competition law delict of abuse of dominant position, but on the internet. The first, theoretical, chapters of the thesis focus on the development of the concept of abuse of dominance in the European Union law during the past decades. Subsequently, they describe the digital market, its specifics and defining characteristics. The next part of this thesis uses this information to describe the specifics of competition law regulation in relation to internet services. In particular, the specifics of the definition of relevant markets and market power are analysed. The practical part of the thesis deals with a case study of two European Commission decisions. Namely, the merger decision in Case COMP/M.7217 - Facebook / WhatsApp and the abuse of dominance decision in Case AT.39740 - Google Search (Shopping). The first decision was chosen because it provides a good example of definition of the relevant markets in relation to internet services, where the Commission had to define the relevant product market based on product characteristics. The antitrust decision is then described in the light of its complexity and the judicial review that has already taken place. It also touches the issue of self-preferencing as, in principle, a...
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Habitat colonization by neophyte Impatiens glandulifera and estimate of factors limiting its spread
Marková, Zuzana ; Hejda, Martin (advisor) ; Malíková, Lenka (referee)
Invasive spread of neophyte Impatiens glandulifera in central Europe started approximatelly eighty years ago. First records of dense cover stands come from belt stands in riparian habitats. The scale of invaded habitats and degree of the dominance of I. glandulifera is more diversified nowadays. This thesis is objected on the dominance and fertility of I. glandulifera within different habitat types and scale of invaded habitats in different parts of invaded range within Europe (i. e. in Czech Republic and Switzerland). The results show that the height and cover (substitutes for biomass and dominance) of this neophyte (i) correlates with the character of invaded vegetation (ii) relates to the degree of hemeroby (a measure of human impact) negativelly, and (iii), of course, both the growth and dominance are positively affected by nutrient content. Fertility does not differ among the types of invaded habitats, but goes up with the height of I. glandulifera and decreases with its cover. Invaded habitats comprises ruderal and riparian vegetation, but also wet maedows, forest clearances, beach and slope forests or weed vegetation.
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Predatory Pricing in Transport Sector: Case Study of the STUDENT AGENCY, s.r.o.
Dobiáš, Adam ; Vacek, Pavel (advisor) ; Vaško, Dan (referee)
Predatory Pricing in Transport Sector: Case Study of the STUDENT AGENCY, s.r.o. Abstract This paper deals with predatory pricing in transport sector. A situation when one company sells its product at a very low price, intending to illegally drive competitors out of the market. Aim of this paper is to discuss mentioned issues in transport sector and to explain methods of solving predatory cases according to the newest guidelines of the European Commission, national competition au- thorities and national courts. Market delineation, dominance determination and predation cost analysis is discussed. Not only theoretical aspect of predatory behaviour and its impact on competition but also a detection of predatory pri- cing by authorities is discussed. Special attention to the specifics of transport sector is given. The core of this paper is an analysis of STUDENT AGENCY, s.r.o. case from year 2008, when mentioned company was accused of predatory pricing on their bus line Praha-Brno. Keywords predatory pricing, antitrust, competition, re- levant market, dominance, transportation, SS- NIP test, Reverse Cellophane Fallacy, Office for the Protection of Competition, STUDENT AGENCY, s.r.o.
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